The Régiment Artois was a French Army regiment active during the late 17th century and 18th century. It is principally known for its role in the Seven Years' War, when it served in the North American theatre.
The regiment arrived in New France in May 1755, and was posted in Louisbourg. The regiment was initially created by the Marquis de Paulmy December 7, 1665. It was one of the 37 regiments created at this time when the King of Spain, Philippe IV died, and gave to the King of France Louis XIV the opportunity to claim French rights on Flandre, Artois and Hainaut. The regiment started its military campagnes in 1667 and 1668. On May 3, 1755, the second batallions of the régiments de Bourgogne and the régiment Artois embarque at La Rochelle for Canada, with the new military governor Baron von Dieskau. After the capitulation of Québec on the 17th of September 1759, the regiment came back to France, where it remained until the end of the ancien regime.[1]